Criminal Protection of State Security Secrets from Cyber Espionage A Comparative Study Between Palestinian & Jordanian Legislation

Abstract

The present study dealt with the issue of criminal protection of state security secrets  from cyber espionage in Palestinian legislation compared with  Jordanian legislation, by returning   to the legal  rules  regulating the provisions of this protection in both legislations  

 Through the study, we attempted to explore the concept of Cyber espionage, its scope, the importance of criminal protection of state security secrets,  its types, & the penalties imposed. The study reached a set of conclusions and recommendations, the most important of which was that the Palestinian legislator didn't made no difference   between ordinary government data and confidential information that is prohibited for anyone other than authorized parties to access, and  didn't  allocate a specific penalty for such information in the event of an infringement. Among the recommendations is the need for the Palestinian legislator to amend Article (4), in line with the seriousness of Cyber espionage, by adding a special clause related to the infringement of confidential government information or data and establishing a specific penalty commensurate with the severity of the damage that may  cause.

Keywords: Espionage, Cyber espionage, state secrets, criminal protection, unauthorized access